The Atlantic Slave Trade During The 19th Century - 2668 Words

The Atlantic Slave Trade The Atlantic slave trade lasted from the 15th to 18th century. Between 10 and 12 million slaves were moved from Africa to South America. About 15 percent died and the ones who survived were sold as property. Only five percent of the slaves went to America (Green, 2012). The slaves were used to make sugar, tobacco and coffee (Slave Trade:, 2007). None of these things were good for us other than for desire, but nothing to sustain human life. Africans were captured by other Africans and traded for goods like metal tool and guns. Slaves were the source for private wealth and were viewed as an economic commodity. They were sold like cattle and branded on their cheeks. The slaves performed all kinds of labor from agricultural labors and house work. The slaves would work 48 hours straight at times. 23 years was the average life expectancy of slaves. The slave owners suddenly got a bright idea that if they kept their saves healthy enough, they could reproduce and in return make babies that would later be sold to become slaves. Slavery was defined as the permanent, violent, and personal domination of naturally alienation and generally dishonored persons. They were removed from their culture and dehumanized and suffered from social death. In this paper, I will discuss the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade, how it took place and how is has influenced our culture today. Slavery had been going on from the beginning of time when they were referred to as BarbariansShow MoreRelatedWhy Did Slave Trading Intensify in Nineteenth-Century East Africa?1103 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 19th century the East Africa was marked by the sadness event of slave trading in response to larger demanding markets. For a long time the exportation of slaves was made through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to supply the Muslin world. However there was a greatly expansion of slave trades to the Atlantic ocean during 19th century. The slave trading increase during the 19th century due to the fact that the exportation of slaves was a profitable business, more than five times the export ofRead MoreSlavery And The Birth Of An African City : Lagos, 1760-1900972 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy and the culture of the Atlantic world. Mann alludes to a shift in consciousness by the dominant power of Britain to the ‘reconceptualization’ (Mann 2007, 1) of Europe’s relationship with Africa as well as the abolishment of the trading of slaves. Her central focus is on Lagos – the former capital city of Africa’s most populous nation, Nigeria – from its rise to pre-eminence as a slave port to its relationship with the political economy and culture of the Atlantic world. This book is primarilyRead MoreEffects Of The Atlantic Slave Trade On Africa1516 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa The Atlantic slave trade existed from the 16th to the early 19th century and stimulated trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Over 12 million Africans were captured and sold into chattel slavery off the coast of West Africa, and more than 2 million of them died crossing the Atlantic. These outcomes of the slave trade are rarely disputed among historians; the effect of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa, however, is often a topic of debate.Read MoreImpact Of The African Slave Trade852 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact on the African slave trade during 16th centuries to 19th centuries was huge. The economy of those countries which allowed African slave trade grew bigger and bigger. For instance, America, a huge land that had nothing before the trade, started to gain some profit out of farming and increased hugely on population. They used a big amount of African slaves to farm and work. And this created the economy better in America. Also Europeans, which were only one million people brought up 5.5 millionRead MoreLiverpools Slave Trade as a Centre of a Global Commerce and an Important Factor in British Economic Growth1437 Words   |  6 PagesLiverpools Slave Trade as a Centre of a Global Commerce and an Important Factor in British Economic Growth This essay will attempt to answer the question by approaching it in three stages. Firstly it will assess the importance of Britains slave trade in the context of global commerce, especially during the 18th century. SecondlyRead MoreAfrican Slave Trade in American History1725 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"African Slave Trade in American History† Slavery has taken place throughout the world since before ancient times, and the act of trading slaves was a common act throughout the world for centuries. Slavery previously existed in certain parts of Africa, Europe, Asia, and also in America before the beginning of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. What initially started out as an enormous search for trade in gold, spices, and etc., ended up turning into an callous human trading system of exporting AfricanRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery1520 Words   |  7 Pagesis a system under which people are treated as property. The people in the time of Renaissance enslaved people to use them as labourers and or do other types of labour. Should that be the reason of our change of knowledge towards slaves and how we perceive them. A slave is a human being or an â€Å"animal† (The Mission) classified as property and who is forced to work for nothing (The Abolition of Slavery Project, October 11, 2014). The word Slavery has a bitter taste flowing off the tongue. ImmediateRead MoreTransatlantic Slave Trade and the Effects on the American Economy1627 Words   |  7 PagesTransatlantic Slave Trade and the effects on the american economy Transatlantic Slave Trade The Transatlantic slave trade is a â€Å"wrenching aspect of the history of Africa and America† (Colin Palmer). The transatlantic slave trade transported African people to the â€Å"New World†. It lasted from the 16th to the 19th century. Slavery has had a big impact on African culture. The Africans were forced to migrate away from everything they knew, culture, heritage and lifestyles (Captive Passage). CoupledRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition By Herbert S Klein And Economic Consequences Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesFor my comparison book review, I chose to focus on the Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition by Herbert S Klein and The Economic Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade† by Barbara L. Solow. My focus of the trade is labor demands, effects on Africa, European organization of trade, and economy leading up to the end of the trade and after. Together, the two books demonstrate that the Atlantic Slave Trade was more than just the trading of Africans to different continents, but was a historical point thatRead MoreWhat Were the African Reactions to Slave Trade?1651 Words   |  7 PagesWhat were the African reactions to slave trade? (The question requires for you to describe the reaction of Africans from the point of views of peoples, individuals and captives). The Atlantic slave trade which was inevitably began by the Portuguese, but later in time taken over by the English, was the sale and exploitation of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and throughout the Atlantic Ocean from the 15th century to the 19th century. Most slaves were transported from West Africa and

Comparison Between Light And Dark Essay - 1331 Words

I observed that the author of 1 John often uses stark dichotomies to set clear examples for the audience. These include light/dark, love/hate, truth/error, and God/evil. In 1 John 2:7, the author states the he is not writing a new commandment, but an old one that they have always had. In the next verse, the author writes, â€Å"On the other hand, I am writing a new commandment to you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I wonder what the author means with this contrast, it almost seems contradictory. I know that one of these commandments comes from John 13:34, where Jesus commands that we love one another, but I am still unclear about the â€Å"not a new commandment/new commandment† comparison. I need more contextual clues to solve this question. In 1 John 2:8, the author begins to use the comparison between light and dark. I observed that the author says to his audience that the darkness is passing away and the true light already shines. In cotext, the audience knows that the light refers to 1 Joh n 1:5, where the author writes, â€Å"God is light and there is no darkness in him at all.† In light of this passage, it seems the author is saying that his audience is growing closer to God and, thus, the darkness in them is â€Å"passing away† as well. In essence, they are becoming more like God. This relates back to the first verse of my close reading where the author says, â€Å"the one who claims to remain in him ought to live in the same way as he lived.† From here, the author ties the whole section together by relating his wordsShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet the beauty and ardour of young love is seen by Shakespeare as the irradiating glory of sunlight and starlight in a dark work. Discuss the techniques that Shakespeare would have used to capture this dominating image of light. In the time of Shakespeare, his plays would have been performed during the day, using natural light from the open centre of the theatre. Since there could be no dramatic lighting and there was very little scenery or props, ShakespeareRead MoreImagery, Symbolism and Motif in Heart of Darkness1053 Words   |  5 PagesArguably the biggest motif explored in Heart of Darkness is that of ‘Light’ and ‘Darkness’. Conrad’s use of ‘light’ and ‘darkness’ imagery is reflected through devices such as setting and atmosphere. The extract begins rich with imagery as Marlow talks of the â€Å"Light† that â€Å"came out of this river†, emphasising the idea that through invasion, the Romans diminished the â€Å"darkness that was here yesterday† in their brief â€Å"flicker† of light. This almost suggests what is to come, not only of the invasion ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Color On Perceived Sweetness Ratings Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesvariable: liquid sample colour and the dependent variable: perceived sweetness rating. Participants were 95 undergraduate students taking a 100-level psychology paper. The study found that light red samples were perceived as sweeter than dark red, and that light green samples were perceived as sweeter than dark green. These findings suggest that colour does have an effect on the perception of taste.  What is the Effect of Colour on Perceived Sweetness? Previous psychological research has attemptedRead MoreAnalysis Of Leo Tolstoy s The Devil s The White City 1727 Words   |  7 PagesAll the vanity, all the charm, all of the beauty of life is made up of light and shadow, an idea put forth by Leo Tolstoy in 1873 within his novel Anna Karenina. Eric Larson expands upon this idea with in his historically intriguing novel The Devil In The White City, a story of murder, magic, and madness at the fair that changed America. The novel focuses mainly on the coincidental correlation of events between H.H.Holmes, America s first serial killer, and Daniel Burnham, the main architectRead MoreTheme Of Light And Dark In Romeo And Juliet1359 Words   |  6 PagesLight and dark is one of the most common motifs that is used in many famous literary works, especially Shakespeare’s. In the most subtle ways, he uses light and dark to highlight important events that shape the play Romeo and Juliet. The main characters are star-crossed lovers wh o have to keep their marriage a secret from their families. They come from families that fight with one another and can never keep peace. The play begins with the tragic ending, telling us what happens from the start. InRead MoreArt Work Comparison the Oxbow Ejira1064 Words   |  5 PagesIn Thomas Cole’s The Oxbow he depicts a landscape in the aftermath of a storm. Contrasting darkness into light a clear view is given of the remnants of the storm shown by dark clouds and gnarled trees and metamorphoses into the bright and sunny New England countryside. In comparison Hokusai’s Ejira in Suruga Province, also a landscape but shown in a different perspective. Where The Oxbow is seemingly calm and contained, Ejira In Suruga Province is a flurry of motion its’ inhabitants scurryingRead MoreTaking a Look at Photosynthetic Pigments1522 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Some animals and most plants use photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy. The energy that is created can be stored and is accessed later on by consumers. The consumers of the organisms break bonds while digesting the plant material and the stored energy is released into their perspective systems. The entire process of photosynthesis can be summarized as carbon dioxide and water reacting with light to create sugar, water and oxygen. Although put deceivingly simple termsRead MoreHow The Method Of Growing Food Organically Or Non Organically Affected The Mold Growth Between The Two1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study was to study how the method of growing food organically or non-organically affected the mold growth between the two. Also, looking at whether or not organic food or non-organic food is healthier for you. Throughout a one week period, data was collected each day by a ranking system on a scale of 1 to 5. The rank gave a number for how much mold grew after one day. 1 meaning no mold and 5 meaning more than 10 spots of mold. The three foods involved in this study were cheeseRead MoreEast of Eden Commentary815 Words   |  4 PagesIn the passage at the beginning of chapter 16, Steinbeck uses color and dehumanization to show different points and make comparisons. Light vs. Dark is one of the oldest symbols of Good vs. Evil, and Steinbeck uses this to create a mood and to steer the reader’s thoughts subconsciously towards darkness and the differences between Samuel and Cathy. Steinbeck’s animalization of Cathy shows her characterization as sly and untrustworthy. Also due to his description of the scene it seems mystical and

Marketing and Godiva Free Essays

Standardization: We don’t really believe in the standardization of Godiva products. If we do the standardization, the expansion of Godiva products would stopped. It’s because we adapt the Godiva product by the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Godiva or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have special products of Godiva of each market we enter and it couldn’t be standardized. For example, Turkish people like peanuts so we adapt it with the chocolate with more peanuts in Turkey. Chinese people don’t really like milk, so we adapt the product specialization with less milk in he Godiva chocolates for China market. Adaptation: Adapting the products in China and Turkey those should be taken into consideration: Business culture Celebration of important days Food style that really enjoy deserts ( like sweet things ) Adaptation of Chinese and Turkish lifestyles Create the diet chocolates so it will attract more girl teenagers to consume Godiva. May constitute more advertisement that show their lifestyle with consumption of Godiva. How to cite Marketing and Godiva, Papers

Motorola Business Strategy free essay sample

There are several strategy that Motorola use to gain competitive advantage to enter the market and widening their market opportunity to attract more customer to use their product. 1. Forward Integration strategies Motorola also now has their own website to give various information related to product and services that their offer. Through the creation of the website are causing an e-commerce activity between user and the retailer. The Motorola website also can be choose in different language and consumer can contact each of Motorola retailer that avaiable each selected country. This help the company track their consumer more easily, save time and cut cost effectively. 2. Intensive strategies Motorola also use this strategy to seek to increase market share, present product or services into new geographical area and improving their present product or services. For example, china has been selected has their next place to strategize their business. This help to better positioned to drive development of country that their selected in terms of wireless industry and to achieve win-win results with local customers, consumers and partners. We will write a custom essay sample on Motorola Business Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example in December 2007, Motorola announced the inauguration of its RD complex in Wangjing, Beijing, a 92,000-sq. -meter complex that consists of one 16-floor office tower, three low-rise RD buildings and one lab building, and will accommodate more than 3,000 Motorola employees, including 2,000 RD engineers. More new product and services avaible that Motorola offer, for instance network service, wireless solution and new mobile phone for customer, business and government use. 3. Horizontal Integration strategies Motorola has its strengths and weaknesses it also has its share of problems that include the threats that I mentioned above. They are faced with competition in the Vietnam Market from L G information Communications along with Information Technology agreed to jointly develop equipment for wireless phone services using code division multiple access technology and fiber optic cables. This puts Motorola in tough competition with LG Information for the valuable Vietnamese market. 4. Defensive strategies. Motorolas handset division recorded a loss of $1. 2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007, while the company as a whole earned $100 million during that quarter. It lost several key executives to rivals and the web site TrustedReviews has called the companys products repetitive and uninnovative. Motorola laid off 3,500 workers in January 2008, followed by a further 4,000 job cuts in June and another 20% cut of its research division a few days later. In July 2008, a large number of executives left Motorola to work on Apple Inc. s iPhone. Facing bankruptcy, the company has been put on offer for sale to several other major rivals such as Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and Sony Ericsson, yet all have rejected the offer. In July 2008, analyst Mark McKechnie from American Technology Research said that Motorola would be lucky to fetch $500 million for selling its handset business and analyst Richard Windsor said that Motorola might have to pay someone to take the division off the company and that the company may even exit the handset market altogether. Its global market share has been on the decline; from 18. 4% of the market in 2007, it had a share of just 9. 7% by 2008.

Look At The Conclusion Of Day free essay sample

Two Mor Essay, Research Paper The transition outlined by this rubric is possibly one of the most important points in the drama. In it there are many of import hits of truenesss and determinations. Stevens must make up ones mind between his professionalism and his male parent. He besides is forced to make up ones mind between emotion and his professionalism ; as a consequence of this. Although he does make up ones mind upon his calling, instead than seeing his dead male parent, and therefore lessen to his emotions. The first fact that is drawn to the reader s attending in this subdivision is Steven s about inhumane subservience to all the visitants to the house. All his replies are based around: Yes, Sir. , No, Sir, I m really regretful sir. Even when he is informed of his male parent s decease, one of the few figures that Stevens admired, he still merely replies, I see. We will write a custom essay sample on Look At The Conclusion Of Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .This is a portion of Steven s shield of professionalism. He is invariably close of his positions, sentiments and feelings. And when they are revealed, he becomes all of a sudden really defensive, such as when Miss Kenton found him reading a romantic novel. This kind of suppression of feelings allows him to stay wholly stiff in his responsibilities. Even when he sees his male parent is deceasing, a few pages before, he is able to note ; This is most distressful. Nevertheless, I must now return downstairs. It is surely non due to any deficiency of feelings that Stevens decides on this, instead the suppression of them. The great contrast between Miss Kenton and Mr Stevens is besides revealed in this transition. Miss Kenton s deficiency of being able to understand or warrant Mr Steven s reactions, or instead the deficiency of them, is possibly influential on the ultimate result between her and Stevens. She is much more unfastened about her feelings, and far more humanist than Steven s. She is clearly upset at his male parent s decease, and makes no attempt to hide it. Stevens, nevertheless, does his uttermost to hide his heartache under a cover of professionalism. The lone clip during this transition in which he lets his more human side appear is when he tries to explicate the logical thinking behind his actions to Miss Kenton. Miss Kenton, delight wear t believe me unduly improper in non go uping to see my male parent in his asleep status merely at this minute. You see, I know my male parent would hold wished me to transport on merely now. Miss Kenton shows no existent mark of understanding or empathy towards Mr Steven s positions, alternatively she adopts an about Stevens-like reply, merely answering of class, Mr Stevens to every inquiry that he poses to her. It is slightly funny that the inside informations that Mr Stevens notices is about ever related to his profession. He notices Miss Kenton s funny deficiency of urgency as she walks towards him and when she regains her calm. lt ;< br /> Although these determinations that Stevens has to do are reasonably of import and dramatic, he shows no indicant of necessitating a 2nd idea over the affair, his professionalism ever comes first.Even when Miss Kenton asks him to see his asleep male parent he is speedy in answer. I m really busy merely now, Miss Kenton. In a small while possibly. It is by no means a error that Stevens appears to be more concerned with M. Dupont s sore toes, than his male parent s decease. I ll be on my manner now. You ll see to agreements? Yes, Sir. However, if I may, there is a most distinguished gentleman downstairs in demand of your attending. All his emotions appear to be suppressed to such an extent that he merely laughs if it is the right state of affairs and he does so really falsely. At one point during dinner, Stevens, I would hold sworn you were at least three people, she said and laughed. I laughed rapidly and said: I m delighted to be of service. He appears to laugh merely so that he can s uit in to the mold of societal life, a similar deficiency of emotion is shown by his efforts to kid. As societal conversation is to a great extent based on the conveyance of emotion, it is barely surprising that Stevens has trouble with it. The consequence of Steven s clumsiness in conversation is reinforced during his conversation with the immature Mr Cardinal. Here Stevens himself reveals in his description that he lacks the apprehension of societal conversation by his deficiency of comprehension of Mr Cardinal s remarks. He notices that Mr Cardinal is express joying and decides to fall in him in his laughter. The reader gets the feeling that Stevens merely does non understand why Cardinal finds anything humorous, but feels the duty to express joy to suit in. Stevens besides subdues any positions on any subjects. This should let him to be talked to by anyone without dissension, but it besides makes him a slightly deadening and about machine-controlled character. He agrees with wha tever any of the invitee says and answers in short replies, neer spread outing on any thoughts. Nature, Stevens. We were speaking the other twenty-four hours about the admirations of the natural universe. And I rather agree with you, we are wholly much excessively self-satisfied about the great admirations that surround us. Yes, Sir. The assortment of events that occur within these few pages, most perceptibly the decease of Steven s male parent, all have an consequence on the narrative itself. The consequence of professionalism is conveyed by Stevens and shows how devoted he is to his occupation and emplyee. Possibly the most of import remark is Steven s rating of the twenty-four hours, one which should be marked as a solemn, heartache filled twenty-four hours, on which his male parent died. For all its sad associations, whenever I recall that flushing today, I find I do so with a big sense of victory

Contemporary Trends in Feminist Criticism and Their Echo in Sylvia Plaths Later Poems

Contemporary Trends in Feminist Criticism and Their Echo in Sylvia Plaths Later Poems Free Online Research Papers Contemporary Trends in Feminist Criticism and Their Echo in Sylvia Plaths Later Poems This paper on womens poetry seeks to demonstrate the extent to which two of Sylvia Plaths later poems are rebellious and non- conventional for her era and how this style corresponds to two views in recent feminist criticism ; Susan Bordos reading of the female body as a meaningful text and Elaine Showalters exploration of the essential difference between female poetry and male-oriented literary texts. Showalter establishes the idea that womens writing is a basically different type of literature, deriving from the notion that women have a completely different experience and perception from men. This difference is echoed in style, structure ,language and themes of female writing, to name but a few , and has four realms of difference- biological, linguistic, psychoanalytic and cultural .I will relate to two essential realms of difference which Showalter addresses, which are broadly illustrated in Plaths poetry- the social realm which situates the woman in certain social codes and the biological/corporal one, addressed by both Showalter and Bordo. Through an analysis of two of Sylvia Plaths poems; Ariel and Tulips, written in the last months of her life, I will try to show how these insights co uld be applied to the poems and reveal how Sylvia Plaths poetry was dominated by biological/corporal concepts and imagery and social attitudes of dominance and power . Contemporary feminist critics generally agree with the fact that even the greatest male writers in literary history who wrote about strong women characters (such as Chaucers The Wife Of Bath and Shakespeares Lady Macbeth), could obviously never precisely convey what it is to be a woman and their character illustration was thus probably based on the social codes of their period and their own male perspective of women . Consequently, there is an obvious distinction between the male and female discourse, relating to the attitude and point of view of women in literature; A poetry written by men speaks a totally different language from that written by women .Womens poetry, when treated as a gendered artifact, involves, as we have seen in a close study of feminine poetry of the 19th and 20th centuries, a scrutiny of culture related issues such as power relations between the sexes, male dominance, domestic chores and responsibilities and others. It also focuses rather often on issues that are generally associated with the female body such as sex and sexuality, body image, childbirth and other female related topics. Thus, I have decided to focus on these two realms in my paper and I will look at two of Sylvia Plaths poems from this perspective. Susan Bordo, in Anorexia Nervosa: Psychopathology as Crystallization of Culture, relates to the body as not merely physical but as permeated with cultural meanings too – an insight developed in the writing of the French philosopher Michel Foucault. Foucault claimed that the human body can be observed in many fields-the historical demography or pathology, physiological, the extent to which historical processes were involved in biological events and the most profound field-the political involvement of the body which includes power relations that have a direct physical impact on the body. By asserting that cultural practices †¦.are always inscribed†¦on our bodies (Bordo, p. 142) , she does not deny this relationship between political/ social procedures and the body and claims that women are not only possessors of a body but are also associated with the body, which is part of the womans sphere. She remarks however, that the power relations which involve male (or anot her sectors) domination over the specific weaker sector (such as women) does not necessarily imply that the dominant group is always in control or that the oppressed or dominated group may not be able to take control over the situation. When Susan Bordo presents the social causes for physical disorders (such as anorexia, yet we can apply it to other factors as well), she observes the obsession with control (the control axis) and the effects of power relations (the gender/power axis) to be 2 of the most important causes for these disorders. Within the control axis, she sees the young anorecticwoman (as ninety percent of all anorectics are women) ,as possessing a feeling of control-over her hunger specifically and her body in general and over her disability to meet personal and social standards and expectationswhich she now finally accomplishes control over. This feeling of control is also shared by body- builders, which just like anorectics, are engaged in the quest for perfection w hich leads to a feeling of independence and security as soon as the goal is attained. This notion of total control is also associated with control over death, or immortality. Within the gender-power axis, Bordo discusses the effects of power relations on gender and claims that women protest against 3 things: *confining role expectations *images of women who are threatening and insatiable in physical and sexual appetites and idealistic images of the feminine. *their own desires. Gender has a fundamental role within these disorders. Many anorectics have reported to have an imaginary male dictator inside them who dominates and possesses them. Bordo proposes this male will or dominator to be the cause of the womens fear of the traditional female roles, social expectations and oppressions- which are associated with weakness and mental lassitude. Another possibility could be a deep fear of the female concept with its archetypal associations such as voracious hungers and sexual insatiability. Bordo identifies anorexia as the dimension of protest against the limitations of the ideal of female domesticity Anorexia is thus, a rejection of the traditional domestic roles and social expectations and of the ideal femininity of the full figured, large breasted woman. These pathologies of female protest, continues Bordo, (including agoraphobia, hysteria and anorexia) function as if in collusion with the cultural conditions that produced them. Susan Bordo thus sees in the emergence of these physical disorders rebellious performances. If society wants the woman to be thin- she will almost disappear. Additionally, if society wants her to perform her domestic obligations- by falling ill she may escape these duties. In other words, the sick woman (suffering from anorexia or other disorders) is able to conform to societys expectations and rebel and reject them at the same time. These notions, although revealed and identified after 1961- the year Sylvia Plath committed suicide, can be vastly applied and are widely echoed in the poetry of Sylvia Plath , as my analysis will show. Elaine Showalter, situates the woman in literature in a different position from men, both in terms of the woman as a reader and as the writer of a literary text. In Feminist Criticism In the Wilderness, she surveys some feminist theories and consequently reaches the inevitable conclusion that womens literature is differentas it is based on womens experience and not on male assumptions- as in literature written by men about women. This female vision, which was termed by Virginia Woolf as the precious specialty, demands new models of literary criticism that are based on women experience such as relationships between women, childbirth etc. Consequently, feminist criticism, can not rely on critical tradition as it must consider its own subject, its own theory, and its own voice (Showalter, p.54). The differences in the feminine poetry lie, according to Showalter, in four realms: biological, linguistic, psychoanalytic and cultural. The biological difference, which situated the wo men as inferior by Victorian anthropologists, lies, in Showalters opinion, with which I agree, in the analogy between feminine texts and gestation, labor and childbirth. Feminist criticism stresses the body as a source of imagery. The second difference Showalter discusses, which I would like to address and which will be relevant to my poem analysis is feminine writing and womens culture. In this realm, Showalter defines a cultural theory as one which acknowledges the differences in class, race, nationality and history between men and women, and womens culture as a collective experience within the culture binding women writers over time and space. Throughout time, women have been ignored as a separate group within the general male culture. In the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the term womens sphere referred to the separate roles of men and women which had little or no overlap. In contemporary terms, Showalter mentions Shirley and Edwin Ardener who have defined the women as the muted group who are not fully contained by the dominant male group. Following this, the language belongs to the dominant group and women must speak through it. Thus, women and male circles of relationship, portray an overlap between the dominant and the muted group on the large part with a slight crescent of of the muted group – which Ardener calls wild. This wild zone, Edwin Ardener continues, generally stands for the typically female experience, life-style and imagination which is totally inaccessible for men. The wild zone actually enables women to express her revolutionary desires through language and convey her inner unexpresse d and generally repressed world. It is, as other feminist critics have termed it, a womans way of writing her way out of the cramped confines of patriarchal space ( Showalter, p.66) by traveling to a place where she can have female realization , uninterrupted by the dominant group. Nevertheless, despite this idealism, Showalter denies this possibility of a wholly feminist structure, completely outside the dominant structure .Consequently, womens writing is generally addressed as a double –voiced discourse which must cohere the social , literary and cultural heritage of both groups. This means that a womans writing can never be strictly feminine or mothered, but would convey a dual parented voice- one which will be both fathered and mothered and which has both a dominant and a muted plot. The poem Ariel, at its basic level of plot, tells the story of a runaway horse ridden by the speaker , conveying to the reader a sense of thrilling self-imperilment from the speakers side. The metaphor of flying and motion throughout the poem gives the reader a feeling of rage or even violent action on the side of the speaker. It conveys the feeling of lack of control, (the speaker is not able to control the horse and tries unsuccessfully to hold on to his brown neck- line 9), of getting away or escaping, of leaving everything behind and perhaps even creating a new identity.This can be seen as the poets desire to break free from the duties , traditions andexpectations of society.(it seems like the childs cry in line 24 reminds the speaker of her motherly duties; childbirth or taking care of children from which she is released for the time being ) .On the other hand there is a notion of power; the speaker is invested with power – she is able to escape reality and perhaps create a new one- one in which she will be dominant and will invest complete power. The change of images following one another in quick succession and the quick pace of change give us readers again the impression that the speaker is flying on the horse and wants to get away. The question which crossed my mind is whether this escape is a metaphorical one- from her reality and duties, or is it an actual desire to get away from this world- a desire for death.(Sylvia Plath committed suicide a few months after the poem was written). This idea of leaving the world and its duties, traditions and customs can also be seen in the image of Godiva unpeeling Dead hands, dead stringencies .Yet, when the speaker flies into the red eye(which I observe as the rising sun), this can be seen both as having her wish granted- dying by burning from the suns heat or a rebirth- dying only to be born again out of the ashes. It is merely a metaphorical death in which the speaker to peel off all social co nstraints, duties and limitations .This notion of rebirth seems to be expressed in her hopeful ending- the cauldron of morning in which the sun rising in the morning reflects the hopeful rebirth and re-illumination of another day. The poem , which is written in a dual or double voice, contains both a female voice and language full of feminine and sexual images; Gods lioness, Thighs ,hair, flakes from my heels(arouses a sexual connotation), Godiva, and the childs cry- (feminine duties). Additionally the poem proposes on The one hand to convey a feeling of powerlessness and fragility of the woman rider who has to struggle for control over her horse. On the other hand, there is the notion of power, force and control which are conventionally male traits. She wants to escape, she wants to be like an arrow which is endowed with that force and even manages to become one for a while. Yet, soon after she returns to the female fragility of the dew – which will surely be consumed by the sun. There is a constant battle of forces between the fragile woman speaker and the male stronger forces such as the horse and the sun. In relation to Elaine Showalters article, what comes into focus in this poem is the cultural and feminine chores which Sylvia Plath abandons and wishes to escape, and the use of the body as a source of imagery as suggested by Showalter .As Showalter suggested that women writers have their own unique language which is based on feminine experience, Sylvia Plath speaks a language endowed with feminine notions (as I have previously discussed). Moreover, she makes a vast use of the wild zone mentioned by Showalter and within this zone tries to break free from convention. Only by making this journey with Ariel and reaching its final destination, can she find her way out of this confined world (literally or metaphorically) , uninterrupted by the dominant male group. In this poem Plath actually takes control over the situation and causes change .As Susan Bordo asserts, the power relations between the dominant group and women does not always imply that women are always dominated by the dominant group (although it is conventionally so). Thus, in Ariel the speaker does not allow the dominant group to overcome her and takes control by escape. Sylvia Plaths obsession with control, as seen in this poem, e nded in a state of gaining control (death or abandonment of conventional life) . This may seem parallel to the anorectic woman who seeks for control over her physical hunger and her body. As soon as the goal is attained, the anorectic woman gains a feeling of accomplishment and control just as Sylvia Plath has a feeling of hope and accomplishment at the end of Ariel. When Bordo defines anorexia as a rebellious act against social conventions of the full figured, domestic female figure, this is highly echoed in Ariel in which we observe the speaker as a rebellious figure, denying conventional social roles and seeking to escape. Many of these notions appear in another poem of Sylvia Plath, Tulips. In Tulips the speaker who is lying in hospital, feeling immense peacefulness, having given up all her responsibilities, identity and connection to the world I am nobody; I have nothing to do with explosionshave given my name and my day-clothes up to the nurses†¦ .However, this peacefulness is disrupted by the red tulips which were sent by her husband, invading her privacy and feeling of detachment from the world, reminding her of the outside world which she is currently separated from. The idea of lying in bed being ill is parallel to Susan Bordos notion of the nature of anorexia as a rebellious reaction to social norms. By lying in bed the woman denies her identity and social duties and is able to reach an escape from duties without being expected to perform these duties( being ill). At the beginning of the poem, Plath illustrates her total tranquility and passivity , allowing herself to be complet ely taken care of by others my body is a pebble to them†¦ . This escape from her life and duties also relates to what Showalter mentions in relation to the cultural realm of difference in female literature, which is influenced by the cultural roles of women. Here, Plath has found a way to escape her domestic chores. This situation is her wild zone in which she is able to fulfill her desires. This is why she is so angry at the invasion of the tulips of the new world she has temporarily created for herself. The red tulips, disrupting the whiteness and purity of the hospital room, are a symbol of the outside room, her family and reminders of the social duties she will have to return to. By attacking even the pictures of her husband and child ( their smile catch onto my skin, little smiling hooks), she makes this idea very clear .As the poem proceeds, she personifies the tulips (†¦hear them breathe†¦redness talks to my wound†¦now I am watched†¦) and blames them for consuming her oxygen and choking her. Like in Ariel, this escape from domestic and social traditional roles can be seen also in the light of Elaine Showalters article who cites Shirley and Edwin Ardener who perceived the female wild zone as a situation created by women where they do not wish to be interrupted by the male. The tulips, sent by the male(her husband) are in fact trespassing into her wild zone where men have no place. This wild zone, besides being an escape can also be regarded as a yield for death. She is situated in state of not living , being underwater (the water went over my head), feeling numb seems close to being dead. Death is symbolized by the whiteness and purity of the hospital (opposed to the living red tulips). The idea of quietness and purity of death as a goal may be echoed in Bordos perception of the anorectics feeling of control over physical limitations ( which death is apparently one of them and may be seen as the highest form of control). Research Papers on Contemporary Trends in Feminist Criticism and Their Echo in Sylvia Plath's Later PoemsAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductEffects of Television Violence on Children

Personal understanding of crime commission Essay - 1

Personal understanding of crime commission - Essay Example The high interest rates and his low income structure had caused him to miss the previous payment deadlines of the loan, and now, John had been threatened to pay back his loan in two days time or else violent measures would be used against him. John had been a good speech maker in his academic life. Because of his confidence and genuine speaking skills, he had represented his school and college in various debate competitions and had been the winner in a few of them as well. These skills can be attributed to his love for public speaking. Because of this, he had also liked creative writing and hence decided to pursue a career as a writer for a newspaper. John is in debt, and he must repay his loan within twenty four hours. Because he has not worked for one company for a long time, he is not counted as a loyal employee and cannot take a loan from the employer. Nor can he borrow from a family member or financial institution. The only option, therefore, left for him is to attain the required sum illegally. There are many illegal options for John that he could consider to achieve his $4000 goal. However, the limited time of just two days would make this task very challenging for him. He just has time to execute one single plan which should be big enough to get him to the $4000 mark. As John would begin to think about the possible ways to get the money, he would start to look within his immediate domain for the right option. The first option that he would have is to defraud his employer. He could try and get access to the accounts department and help his way to the money present. The problem with this approach, however, is that even a local newspaper printing company today, has a secure IT structure present within the company. Due to technological advancements, companies do not have to carry physical cash within their offices to run the daily operations. This means that John would need to have adequate IT skills

Technology Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology Description - Essay Example The Clock button displays the real time that can be set and adjusted. The Reset button allows the Clock to reset depending on the user’s desired time settings. 2. These pre-determined cooking time buttons include the cooking according to the desired cooking manner including the weight of the food and defrosting. If Cook by Weight is desired, the need to key in the approximate weight of the food is necessary. The same applies when Defrost by Weight is preferred. Speed Defrost 5. The Timer button is used to set the desired cooking time. The Power Level sets the microwave cooking at 10 different levels at the time of cooking. Setting the level to 100% allows the device to emit radio waves to its full extent, thus allowing the cooking time faster. The Cook button automatically cooks food according to the length of time that it needs to be cooked. There are sensors in the cavity that allows the device to detect whether the food is already cooked or

Financial vs Managerial Accounting PART II Assignment

Financial vs Managerial Accounting PART II - Assignment Example tlook to carry out such things as acquisitions, which bring financial gains, they seem to focus more on financial accounting than managerial accounting. Most certainly, when such a situation continues, companies cannot make the most out of their accounting. This is because it is important to synchronize the internal principles with the external ones. Again, it is when there is effective internal usage of information that there can be adequate balance on external output in the form of financial accounting (Zimmerman, 2014). I find the idea that you differentiate financial accounting from managerial accounting very useful and insightful. This is because it is only under such situations that the companies can know how to appropriately apportion its resources to handle the internal and external usage of accounting information (Zimmerman, 2014). Again, it is when the company has a clear understanding of the difference between its financial and managerial accounting outcomes that the right strategies can be put in place to cater for each of these variables. However, I feel you underestimated the importance of managerial accounting when you stressed that inaccurate accounting is only disastrous with financial accounting. This is because where there is inaccurate managerial accounting companies are likely to make a lot of mistakes that could go a long way to affect financial accounting. An example of this situation can be given with my company when out of inaccurate managerial accounting, the company took a f inancial decision to go into a merger, only for the process to go through and land the company in huge financial

Management Of Organisations: Virgin Group

Management Of Organisations: Virgin Group Virgin is a leading branded venture capital (Virgin, 2011) organisation and is one of the worlds most recognised and respected brands, which was founded by the business tycoon Richard Branson. Virgin Group is classed as a Private Limited Company by Companies House. Virgin Group date of incorporation is listed as 1985 (Companies House, 2010), however, business and trading activities originally started in 1970 (Virgin, 2011). Virgin Group has gone on to grow very successful businesses in core sectors ranging from music to transportation, travel, financial services, media, drinks, books, gaming and fitness etc (Virgin, 2011).Virgin has created more than 300 branded companies worldwide, employing approximately 50,000 people, in 30 countries. Global branded revenues in 2009 exceeded  £11.5 billion (Virgin, 2011). The Virgin Group is structure is quite interestingly complex, although numbers of people recognise the Virgin Group to be a single business entity but this may not be the case. In actuality, each of the Virgin brand companies operates as a separate business entity (Grant, 2005). Although, Richard Branson holds full ownership and control of the Virgin Brand, the commercial set-up of the companies using the Virgin name is varied and complex (Grant, 2005). Even though each of the 300 companies operates as a single entity, Branson completely owns the majority of them either individually or through family trusts and is holding majority stakes in the others. However, occasionally, Richard Branson simply licenses the Virgin brand to a company that has purchased a division from him such as Virgin Mobile USA Australia, Virgin Radio and Virgin Music. (Grant, 2005). However, what connects the companies is use of the Virgin trademark, Bransons roles as chairman and shareholder and his managemen t role as the face of virgin in publicity, public and government relations. He also has responsibility for appointing senior executives (Grant, 2005). Appendix 1 illustrates the structure of the Virgin Group of companies, including some major operating companies and the holding companies that own them. Firstly, the report will explore and analyse theories relating to organisational culture for example, definitions, level and types of organisational culture, and will look at the way these theories relate to the Virgin organisation. Finally, leadership styles will be addressed with key theories supporting the importance of leadership and different types of leadership skills. In relation to the Virgin case study the particular value of the transformational type of leadership and the importance of team development will be highlighted. Case Study Analysis 2.1 Organisational Culture Organisational culture plays an important role within any organisation. Although the majority of us will have our own understanding of organisational culture, it is a universal concept that is difficult to define or explain precisely (Mullins, 2007, p. 721). It has been explained, for instance, as the dominant values espoused by an organisation (Deal Kennedy, 2000), whereas, Bower (1966) simply described it as the way things are done around here. However, despite there not being a unanimous accepted definition, there is a common theme within Deal Kennedy (2000) and Bower (1966). Their definitions uncover a central theme, that is, organisational culture refers to a system of shared meaning. A more detailed definition is: The collection of traditions, values, policies, beliefs and attitudes that constitute a pervasive context for everything we do and think in an organisation. (Mclean and Marshall, 1993 cited in Mullins, 2007) This clarifies that organisational culture is a mixture of customs and practices and the beliefs and attitudes that these are based on that make up the way of working and the approach of an organisation. According to Mullins (2007), the culture of an organisation is also often likened to the personality of an individual; this could be said of Virgin. Virgin describes it culture and brand as making a difference. Virgin stands for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of competitive challenge (Virgin, 2011). These traits are often used to describe Richard Branson, founder and chairman or the Virgin Group. The company aims to deliver a quality service by empowering its employees and facilitating and monitoring customer feedback to continually improve the customers experience through innovation (Virgin, 2011). It is evident that Virgins values and approach to business appeal to the customers and create an adventurous spirit in the organisation that has contributed to its success which has enabled it to branch out into other sectors such as those described above. Levels of Cultures To help understand culture more, Schein (2010) has categorized the places where culture is found into three fundamental categories (Figure 1), each category is recognized by its visibility and accessibility by individuals. The deeper one gets, the more difficult it is to discover the culture. Figure 1 Scheins Three Levels of Culture Source: (Buchanan Huczynski, 2007, p. 622) Scheins first level is known as Artifacts, it is the most visible level out of the three. It refers to the observable things that a culture produces. It includes both physical objects and behaviour patterns that can be observed freely through what you see, hear and feel in an organisation, for instance, the architecture and physical surroundings; its products; its technologies; its style (shown through clothing); its published values and mission statement; its language and humour; its myths and stories. In the case of Virgin their uniform is consistently red, their language style is informal hip and the company has its own myth that Richard Branson always walks around with a notebook to record and pick up on every creative idea from employees and how he surprises employees with trips to his islands. The next level is less visible and is referred to as the espoused values level. It is the beliefs and values, sometime unspoken shared within an organisation and its members, that have meaning and worth to the founders and senior management of an organisation (Buchanan Huczynski, 2007). The espoused values may have their roots and be based on values that were learnt through childhood whether its religious, societal or moral upbringing (Buchanan Huczynski, 2007). These values can give the organisation its distinct character and provide a sense of direction for employees. The Virgin Group has a distinct organisational culture which is characterised by its founders individual values, personality and personal style the company reflects his ambition a drive for success coupled with his informal anti-corporate approach, very much a product of his upbringing and the popular culture of his time (Grant, 2005). Finally, located at Scheins third level, known as the deeper level of cultural analysis are Basic Assumptions. This deeper level is more commonly known as the hidden beliefs and assumptions or shared tacit assumptions. Basic Assumptions are essential, often unaware, determinants of an organisations attitudes, thought processes, and actions. These assumptions are central to its culture. Values that gain long-term acceptance often become so embedded and taken-for-granted that individuals are usually unaware of their influence. They usually provide a tacit sense of security and an unquestioned thrust for perceptions and behaviour. Scheins three levels of culture has proved to be useful as an approach to analysing Virgin Group organisational culture. Schein (2010) emphasises the fact that if organisational culture is understood fully it can be manipulated and managed within the organisation to meet the organisations purposes. For example, Virgin has been able to use organisational culture to foster loyalty, commitment and hard work within its employees by offering freedom, empowerment and by giving them a sense of being part of something cool and different whist providing social activities. Scheins three level of culture has also help clarified why Virgin Group should give importance to organisational culture; it is a mixture of execution and culture that makes the difference between one organisation to another. Organisational culture is essential; it is the glue that binds everyone together. Virgin Group holds onto the values, symbols, and rituals that have guided them for several years, and anything new that add to the culture should always supports what already exists. In summary, organisational culture maybe identified through companies using Scheins level of culture. Though, Schein (2010) does states that there are no consistently quick ways to identify the cultural assumptions of people in organizations. He does recommends observing, talking to people, collecting archival data, listening to stories, and etc, until a pattern finally emerges. However, organisational culture can be developed through effective leadership, empowered employees, strong development programs, good communications and a real focus on customers. All attributes that Richard Branson uses to run his organisation. One thing that is clear is that the culture which Branson created through his own unique leadership style was one that is strongly influenced by his personal style and personality, making it a difficult model to adopt or mimic if he was to leave. 2.2 Leadership Styles and Team Development Due to the success and efficiency of Virgin Group, the media frequently cover the leadership and management strategies of Virgin Group. Sir Richard Branson is renowned for his vibrant yet competitive leadership style. According to Mullins (2007) and Daft (2002), leadership is essentially a relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people, those people intentionally wish for major changes, and the changes mirror purposes shared by followers and leaders. In the case of the Virgin Group, this means that the style of Sir Richard Bransons leadership cannot be separated from the activities of Virgin Group and the effective teambuilding within the organisation. This supported by Grant (2005) and Jackson (1998) who states that a major contributor to the Virgin Groups success is the inventive leadership style of Richard Branson. This leads us to closely examine Richard Branson leadership styles. In examining Richard Bransons style, his ability as to influence and skill to build a common idea among his employees are renowned. Mintzberg (2009) maintains that you earn leadership from those you lead. He proposes that leadership is about earning the respect of employees, something which Branson appears to do a lot in his career. One of the ways he does this is through his sense of equality and fairness in how he treats people and by promoting flat, non hierarchical structure to run his businesses (Grant, 2005). The early 1980s saw a great paradigm shift in the way of leadership, from transactional to transformational. (Gaughan, 2001). Earlier models to leadership, such as the situational or contingency models of Fiedler (1967), Vroom and Yetton (1973), and Hersey and Blanchard (1969), focused on identifying the styles and behaviours, which predicted effective outcomes depending on a variety of situational factors . In an organisation and environment where constant change is the norm, these authors did not help to offer any advice. During this time, the transformational and charismatic models began to emerge (Bryman, 1992), which comprised ideas such as charismatic and visionary in their concept of what leadership meant. Richard Branson style of leadership is best summarised as a transformational approach (Lussier Achua, 2009). Branson has also been labelled as a transformational leader by management lexicon, for his individualist strategies and his stress on the Virgin Group as an organisation driven on informality and information, one thats bottom heavy rather than strangled by top-level management. According to (Bass, 1985) Transformational leadership is a style of leadership that occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their people, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purposes and mission of their group, and when they stir their people to look beyond self- interest for the good of the group. Transformational leaders are frequently compared with others who can adjust quickly to change (Bass, 1985). Branson evidently shows his flexibility and success in adjusting to changing organisational cultures as his been able to bring in new businesses and move into new sector whilst bringing his people with him (Grant, 2005). Studies by Lowe et al. (1996) and Patterson et al, (1995) have confirmed the positive relationship between transformational leadership and performance. This has helped to support why Richard Branson has been able to make Virgin such a success. Bass (1985) states that transformational leadership is more likely reflect social values and to surface in troubled times and change. This lies true with Virgin, an organisation that is centred on constant growth and change, as a result making the transformational style more suitable. For example, of how Richard Branson demonstrated this transformational approach was when he gave Virgin Atlantic employees his personal con tact details and encouraged them to forward any ideas and suggestions for improvements by contacting him directly (Jackson, 1998). Transformational leadership theory implies that this approach of leadership is likely to bring about empowerment and growth among followers (Bass, 1985). However, Howell (1988) states this type of style may cause followers to depend on the leader. This indicates on a psychologically level, followers self esteem and motivation may depend on recognition and positive feedback from the leader. In the case of Virgin group, this may not necessarily an issue despite Richard Branson personality being marked everywhere all through business he still manages to empower his employees with a degree of independence. A study of charismatic and transformational leadership theories suggests that such leaders possibly will achieve influencing followers who personally identify with this style as well as with the colleagues they work with (Yukl, 2002). According to (Conger Kanungo, 1998) personal identification with the leader is down to the leaders charismatic approach and is based on referent power. Similarly, Shamir, House and Arthur, (1993) argues one key way leaders can influence followers is by becoming a role model. Social recognition is another aspect of Richard Branson leadership style worth highlighting. Once individuals associate with a group, they establish their self esteem and self belief to some extent on their belonging to that group, with group failures and successes being faced as personal to the individual (Mael Ashforth, 1992). Followers are inspired by the leader to identify with the group aims and ethics Shamir, House and Arthur, (1993)by connecting the followers self belief to the mission statement of the organisation and goals of the group. The ways in which Richard Branson gets his employees to recognise with the organisation, as well as himself, is through managing the mood of his organisation (Jackson, 1998) . He has been known to be empathic and self aware which has allows him to instinctively takes in how customers and employees feel and estimate the organisations emotional state. According to Salovey et al (2004), emotional intelligence is the ability to precisely tell apart others emotions plus your own. Salovey et al (2004)also states one of the main ways of becoming a triumphant leader is through emotional intelligence, something that Richard Branson has manage to achieve through the way he studies himself and others. Finally, possibly one of the most powerful traits in Richard Bransons leadership style is his persistent determination to accomplish his goals, despite a few obstacles in his way. Zaleznik (2004) states that leaders and managers think about goals differently to one another, leaders tend to be active whilst managers are more reactive. The direction an organisation takes is determined by the influence the leaders uses when changing frame of minds, suggesting expectations and in creating specific objectives and desires. The net outcome of this influence, it changes how people consider what is feasible or desirable in terms of goals. As a result, leaders are able to instil some enthusiasm for particular goals on their followers. Regardless of some negative circumstances mainly external, Richard Bransons persistent shaping of the vision for his company and his ability to infuse these desires to those he hired is the reason for Virgins continues success and growth (Grant, 2005). To summaries, Richard Bransons charismatic way of leadership is one that comes from a largely transformational approach to how he influences those in his organisation. He shows clear skills in his ability to read the emotions of others and to assess the mood of his own culture, while having tremendous skills in how he can adapt his style and approach to the particular situation or context he is in. His drive and determination to succeed has been a key element of his success, something that stems from a combination of genetics and family circumstances. His success in becoming and remaining an effective leader of Virgin is largely due to his willingness and ability to empower individuals within the organisation. Branson has shown sensitivity to the needs of others, such as the need for recognition, growth and achievement. Through his attention to and encouragement of ideas and initiatives, Branson has gotten the support of his subordinates. His authority at Virgin is extended by his fl amboyant and charismatic personality and attention grabbing behaviour, both of which increased his visibility and appeal to staff and the public. Although unique to Branson himself, this style of leadership is one that works very well within the Virgin empire. Conclusion This case study has brought to a light many different strategies that an event manager can utilize in a future role within the event industry as well as to maintain a healthy organisational culture. First suggestion would be to adopt a transformational leadership style. Transformational leadership would allow your employees to work together for one common goal which is essential, especially within the event industry when organising an event. By working together your employees can come together to achieve great things and improve their overall efficiency. My second recommendation would be to utilize delegation. Delegation is a great way to develop the skills of your employees. When management can determine where a person will be most efficient it will help those involved in the project. By putting people in the jobs that they a best suited for it will lead to a more enjoyable and effective working environment. (change to culture) In a nutshell, there is a lot to be learnt from the culture and leadership of Virgin Group. Chairman Richard Branson has created a unique culture that has contributed to the long term success of the company. Although there is a clear distinction between culture and leadership, the company has been able to integrate a blend of each in many aspects of Virgin Group. The transformational leadership has proved to be a valuable tool for executives, managers, and workers alike. Employees within the company have a willingness to work together to expand and improve the company in order to reach their own personal success in life. Personal Leadership skills assessment Looking back at the night before Spy Games Development Day, my initial feelings were excitement, but apprehensive too because I did not know what was expected from me, nor did I know how helpful it was going to be. Thankfully, all that changed after the meeting in the morning. Leadership has played an important role in the completion of our Spy Games tasks especially the first one; it was not the predictable and usual type of leadership. There was no member of the group who emerged as a sole leader, but we as a group shared and took control of the leadership that was needed to complete our tasks. Each member had the chance to voice their opinions, and from there individually we would nominate ourselves for each task we felt most confident in or had knowledge or experience in. Our groups strongest attribute was that we were very organised; this led to better performance and development. Our group was very optimistic, as there was never a situation where a group member was negative even when we failed to complete a task on time, which was why performance was very high and effective. Even though we were not familiar with each other from the beginning, we still managed to work together without much conflict. The one argument we had was on the topic of whether a group member could be a leader for more than one task. We did resolve the conflict which made our group more comfortable with each other. Overall the Spy Games Development Day was a success; I learnt how to share the leadership role with the members within my group. I learnt that performance and development is a big factor in team roles, and learned that conflict is not always a bad thing. Shared leadership does not depend on one person, but on how people act together to make sense of the situations that face them (Doyle and Smith, 2001). In order to achieve an effective leadership and an effectual result at the end of the Spy Games, a shared leadership needed to be present. In some ways shared leadership was present mostly through the outdoor tasks. The primary factor

Interpersonal Communication Problems Essay -- Communication Communicat

Interpersonal Communication Problems Over the telephone my boss gives me an instruction. I hear it, give my recognition, hang up then realize that I am not clear on exactly what it is that I am to do. Something about the proper way to add up my hours is the basic message, but the way she has explained it is not clear to me. Yet. As far as she is concerned, every word she spoke, that is, the way she described her instructions, was perfectly spelled out. She sits in her office confident that her explanation is clear, while I sit behind my desk like some detective trying to solve this great mystery. Although I understood every word she spoke, what she spoke does not register. No eureka bells are setting off. I have trouble decoding her words. I cannot apply the words she's "transmitted." I am experiencing communication problems. This happens all the time. As in the case just described, somewhere between her message and my reception of it, the meaning got lost. To the best of her knowledge, she has gone over a procedure that I have successfully grasped. But it remains unclear to me because I do not understand the way in which she is presenting it. To my boss, it is of course direct and sound, as it is from her mind that the words and thoughts are being emitted. However, as soon as they collided with my own thinking processes they lost complete lucidity. My faculties tell me she is talking but saying nothing sensible. Her faculties tell her her circular sentences are making sense. I periodically acknowledge what she is relaying. She keeps relaying. We are communicating. But are we really? Given this situation, one is led to consider whether it is possible that, that is, can it be that, true communication is impossible? After a... ...y did her presentation of the information pose a problem? Considering we should have understood each other by the virtue of the fact that we speak the same language, this should not have been the case. As a matter of fact, this case shows that even though we were using the same language I could not decipher her meaning. Her mind works in ways that mine does not. And if it is through our minds that we formulate information, then how can it be that what we are communicating will be received in its true form? No two minds work alike nor are their two beings which feel alike. Therefore, how can anyone know exactly what is being communicated? Each of us has a one-of-a-kind make-up. And though, yes, we do understand the use of words and their semantic properties, the fact that we even have to use words to effectively communicate alone makes true communication questionable.

Proficiencies of Human Resources Manager Essay

HR Proficiency: Employee selection, training and compensation falls under this proficiency. It represent traditional knowledge and skills in those areas. †¢Business Proficiency: A Human Resource Manager has lots of duties and responsibilities. To assist top level manager for formulating strategies a HR manager should be familiar with strategic planning, marketing, finance, production, etc. Those knowledge will help top level manager to formulate new strategies for the company. †¢Leadership Proficiency: A HR Manager should posses Leadership Quality. This is must for a HR Manager. They need to have the ability to control and manager a team and lead the workforce toward a specific goal. HR managers also need to aware about modern changes and will lead the team as it permits. †¢ Learning Proficiency: Without learning nothing can be achievable. A HR manager must learn new things and need to be updated as time passes. Technologies are changing rapidly, learning proficiency will help to cope up with this changing environment and control the workforce in an effective way. He or she must have the ability to stay abreast and apply all the new technologies and practices affecting the profession. For Example is Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), their recruitment involving a series of test and selection. After they are recruited to PLN, they received training in order to make them professional that have integrity, proactive, skills and have experience along with strong mentality. To ensure that the new recruitments are capable, effective & up to the standard that PLN set. And that this will be affected for the future of PLN itself.

The United States Armed Forces and Women in Combat essays

The United States Armed Forces and Women in Combat essays Could there possibly be such a thing as a female "infantryman"? There are not many oxymorons' being murmured about in the military that get such ferocious responses from many within the combat arms ranks. In the civilian world, women are able to choose and pursue their own paths of career, no matter the difficulties. In today's work environment women continue to play vital roles that have a direct effect on our homeland security and our precious way of life. Women in professional careers can usually compete as equals with their male counterparts, having unlimited opportunities for advancement. Although this being correct for most of today's civilian women, it is not the case for the females currently serving in the United States Armed Forces. The integration of women into the Combat Arms branch of the Army would not only affect the level of morale and esprit de corps for the existing male troops, but women would be put into harms way unnecessarily which they are not prepared for, be it physically or mentally. It has been Public policy and Federal law that prevents women from serving in combat units on the front lines. For example, in the United States Army, approximately fifteen percent of the Active Duty service members are women. Women in the Army are only permitted to serve in units where their primary function is combat support or combat service support. The Army, by not allowing women to serve in combat, runs contrary to the current workforce trend in American society. In today's world, women in dangerous professions such as firefighting and law enforcement perform equally well compared to their male counterparts. Even though women have in the past performed admirably in those professions and some are even considered heroes in our communities the fact remains that the dangers women face on the "mean streets" of America are in no way comparable to the hazards they would have to face on today's modern battlefields. ...

Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Example

Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Example Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay and less health care will be demanded, OQ2. If this is the case across the market, the consequence of public health care is that there will be a smaller aggregate expenditure on health care as compared to a private health care system. In addition to these problems, there will also be an increase in demand. In the NHS there are no user charges, as explained earlier. The consumer of public health care will therefore consume up until the point where the marginal utility of health care is zero. This will result in the optimum resource demand being OQ3. This restriction in supply and expansion of demand leads Buchanan to suggest that waiting lists are endemic to the (NHS) system. Since most potential patients cannot afford private health provision, they have a simple decision, be treated (and wait) or not be treated. Therefore, assuming that society is rational, the prospective patient will wait until he tops the list to get treated. This implies that the Pareto efficient outcome in a single market does not exist here and that waiting lists do suggest that the NHS is inefficient. The marginal patient is not the patient that equates his marginal cost of waiting with the marginal benefit of treatment, but the patient that perceives any benefit whatsoever from the treatment that he will receive at the future date. This suggests that as long as the demand curve is unchanged, the potential consumer surplus from inpatient treatment is not dissipated by the wait for treatment.2 Another reason why long waiting lists are inefficient is that as the waiting time increases, resources are allocated away from treatment towards administrative costs. This implies that as waiting times increase the service displays decreasing returns to scale rendering the quality of service smaller. Ideally, the hospital should aim to allocate its budget to the point at which it is indifferent between further3 increasing admissions and marginal wait reduction. A significant reason why this problem persists is that often, hospital managers cite increasing waiting lists when negotiating the hospitals budget with the government. In such situations in the past, the government has displayed a positive willingness to pay in reaction to increasing waiting lists, and as a result hospitals havent given a great enough weight to reducing lists, but rather to increasing admissions. It might however be unfair to judge the NHSs level of efficiency on its waiting list levels. Firstly, it might be the case that where there are areas that show a high proportion of people that are privately insured, lobbying for shorter waiting lists would decrease and this could lead to a positive correlation between private insurance and waiting lists. But why might this be? One of the greatest problems with the NHS is that of Supplier Induced Demand (SID). In terms of health care this refers to the extent to which a doctor provides or recommends the provision of medical services that differs from what the patient would have chosen if they had the same information and knowledge available as the doctor. Would a patient, for example, have given up an afternoon in the workplace if they had known on referral that the specific treatment for a complicated disease was a plaster to the toe? This idea falls in line with the fact that many remuneration systems are designed so that the doctor receives a greater income when they give a greater amount of services to each patient. This is borne out by a study by Krasnik et al (1990) who found that after GPs in Copenhagen had their remuneration methods changed to a fee-for-service basis, their activity increased until they attained their target incomes at which stage activity fell, suggesting SID. Might it be the case that waiting lists merely reflect the greed of GPs and the perverse incentives offered to hospital managers, rather than the actual inefficiency of the NHS? For certain waiting patients, it is evident that inpatient treatment is needed now, or not at all. A wait of any duration will be of no help at all. In the current NHS, priority is given to these patients. In the UK, waiting lists tend to build up for delay able cases5 In respect of this, waiting lists may simply represent a stock of work for doctors, ensuring that their scarce and skilled resources are utilised in the correct instances. It is also argued by Cullis and Jones that a waiting list allows for a balance of cases of differing nature and complexity, facilitating the teaching function of many hospitals. Taking these two points into account it may be argued that waiting lists optimally use the scarce resources presented to them, implying that waiting lists might actually facilitate efficiency. There is no doubt that increasing waiting lists are more than likely to indicate a poor performance in terms of economic efficiency. Between 1997 and 2002, expenditure on public health grew in total by over 50%. At the same time, waiting lists only fell by 15%, suggesting that there is a large misallocation of resources throughout the NHS and an undesirable level of efficiency. That is if we are looking to waiting lists as the key indicator of NHS performance. The weighting given to this area of NHS performance seems unfair and misinformed. It is my opinion that a reasonable waiting list actually gives rise to an efficient allocation of resources in a system that cannot naturally do so through the price mechanism. Undoubtedly lists can become unhelpfully large. In these cases I would argue that reforms such as buyer contracts could be easily be implemented that would prevent lists from becoming too large through the perverse incentives provided by the government to use waiting lists as a bargaining tool.

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics - Research Paper Example This piece of research paper is an attempt to present a strategic analysis of US automotive industry by using Porter’s Five Forces model, which is one of the best strategic analysis widely used to measure and assess the competitive position of a company within its industry. This research paper presents a brief outline of the US automotive industry-profile and addresses five forces in detail, they are competition rivalry, threats of new-entrants and substitutes and bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. The US automotive industry includes all those firms and their activities involved in designing, developing and manufacturing of motor vehicles and major components like engines, bodies but excluding tires, batteries and fuels (Automotive Industry, 2010). The main US automotive marketers are Big-Three- (GM, Ford and Chrysler), Navistar International Corporation and Paccar Inc. There are currently many structural issues in the US automotive industry which in turn foreign auto-marketers have been able to take advantages and gain greater competitive advantages too. Datamonitor (2009) found that these issues include greater dependency on cheap oil, preference for building big cars, under-emphasis on fuel efficiency and excess capacity and legacy costs (p. 5). The recent economic turmoil and increasing oil price have eventually led the Big-Three to experience such structural issues. General Motors, one of the largest auto-manufacturer in the word, traces its root back to 1908, headquartered in Detroit. With various brands like Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC, it manufactures a wide range of cars, trucks and auto-parts (Company Profile, 2010). It employs more than 200,000 people throughout its businesses in more than 120 countries. in very recent years, GM has experienced significant financial crisis that has threatened its market feasibility (General Motors

Mythology disscusion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mythology disscusion questions - Assignment Example This is because the artistic tricksters in the modern literature are difficult to find. Examples of the modern-day art of tricksters include; ‘bugs bunny by Gary Anderson, ‘what is fight club by Dominic Walter and ‘Pirates of the Caribbean franchise by Captain Jack Sparrow. 3. Though tricksters are fictional and unrealistic, they are best used in passing information especially to the young generation. This is because a trickster has a way of capturing the attention of the listener due to the presence of suspense in it. In fact, trickster tales are presented as morality stories for young people, whereby the behavior of the trickster remind them of proper and bad behavior. That is why each trickster tale ends with a moral lesson. 2. Myths are appealing to modern society because they are everywhere across all cultures. Every culture or society has got its types of myths and, often these myths retells of archetypical stories that have slightly changed with time in terms of culture and experiences. This popularity of myths and they way are still read and studied, suggests just how much important myths are in todays world (Scheub

A Credit Default Swap (CDS) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A Credit Default Swap (CDS) - Coursework Example The creditor must make periodical payments (which are taken to be insurance premium) to the insurer, and the insurer will pay the creditor in case the there is default. The fixed periodical payments made by the creditor or the buyer of a Credit Default Swap are known as the CDS fee or commonly referred to as CDS spreads. The buyer of the Credit Default Swap can only receive the exact value of the credit or loan and can not be compensated beyond that value. The seller of the Credit Default Swap (or the insurer) takes possession of the defaulted credit or loan, obtains right of ownership and can therefore sue to recover the credit. The value of the spreads to be paid should be determined so that the buyer of the Credit Default Swap can pay the correct value for the Credit Default Swap. Consider an example where a buyer of Credit Default Swap enters a five year contract to pay CDS spreads on Ford Motors credit with a principal of $10 million at 300 basis points. This means that the buye r pays $300,000 per year and obtains the right to sell bonds worth $10 million issued by Ford of that value in the event of a default by Ford. This thesis is divided into three parts which cover the topic in Credit Default Swap spreads in details. ... Bonds with AAA rating are considered to have almost no chance of default and its CDS spreads are expected to be lower compared to D rating which have a very high risk of default and its CDS spreads expected to be far more expensive. Probability Model There are other quantitative methods that can be employed to determine CDS spread to be paid. The probability model is one of the quantitative methods. This method recommends that credit default swaps should trade at a significantly lower spread than company bonds. The price of a Credit Default Swap is determined using a representation that considers four factors which are; issue premium, recovery rate (which is the percentage repaid in the event of default), credit curve and LIBOR curve. The price of a Credit Default Swap would be determined by adding the discounted premium payments. To explain the probability method better, imagine a case of one year Credit Default Swap which will be effective on lets say date t with a quarterly spread payment taking place on dates t1, t2, t3 and t4. If the nominal for the Credit Default Swap is N and the issue premium is C, then the value of the periodical spreads is given by the formula NC/4. If we imagine the default can only happen on one of the payment dates, then the swap agreement can end when; it lacks a default within agreed time and so the spread payments are made and the agreement endures until maturity date or, a default takes place either on first, second, third or fourth compensation date. The price of the Credit Default Swap is now determined by assigning probabilities to the five probable results. Labor Rate Labor rate can also be employed to benchmark the price for Credit Default Swap securities of a listed company. Labor is the interest fee which

Article Review Essay Example for Free

Article Review Essay The article, School Counseling Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Explanation of Interventions, written by Whiston, S., Tai, W., Rahardja, D., and Eder, K. is research done to show if certain interventions and techniques used by school counselors are effective. The article discussed two types of studies, one with controlled comparisons and another involving pre and posttest differences. The article began with the history of counseling and the model counselors are using. Campbell and Dahir’s (as cited in Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, Eder, 2011), â€Å"specified that school counselors should coordinate a program that facilitates academic, career, and personal social development†. Many schools and counselors have been following Gysber’s and Henderson’s model which has four program components supported by the American School Counselor Association (ASCA). They include guidance curriculum, individual planning, responsive services, and system support. There has been limited research done on these components to conclude if the interventions are effective. â€Å"A major problem with the reviews of school counseling is that they are not able to indicate the degree to which school counseling interventions influence student outcome† (Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, Eder (2011). In the article there were some major strengths and gains. There was evidence that specific interventions work with certain groups. The research also supports the need for school counselor to be more involved with all students, since there is a positive effect when students have been working with a guidance counselor. Yet, we still need more  research in the elementary level to see how we can support the younger students more effectively. There were also some major limitations noted about the study. This included not having enough supported information on how the interventions or treatments were conducted, missing valuable information, not having reliable standardized assessments, not following up to see how the interventions helped, and the study was done with only specific interventions. They also concluded that there were specific gains in certain areas, but could not identify how they got those results. The conclusions of the studies indicate that students who receive services from a counselor scored higher on standardized test. Counseling also helped with discipline, problem solving, and career knowledge compared to students not receiving any interventions. This shows the importance of having a school counselor and the role they play in making a difference in the lives they touch. Both studies indicated the â€Å"effectiveness of a balance approach to school counseling that provides a guidance curriculum to all students and responsive services that respond to students’ issues† (Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, Eder, 2011). In this study we can see how important a school counselor is to students facing difficult issues. It is noted how some interventions can help a student be successful with academics, social interactions, and behavior. After reading this article I can see how effective counseling can be for all students. As an elementary teacher I will try to use a strategic comprehensive guidance program and data to guide my instruction. Using information from teachers, parents and administration I can plan my lessons to better meet the needs of students. Following up with students and keeping data on interventions will be a priority. References: Whiston, S. C., Tai, W., Rahardja, D., Eder, K. (2011). School counseling outcome: A meta†analytic examination of interventions. Journal Of Counseling Development, 89(1), 37-55. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00059.x

Comparison of Canada and Europe

Comparison of Canada and Europe 16th February 2017 Group Members: Dharti Gandhi Sanam Akbar Ahamed Jifin Shahsad Brief of Canada and European Country Introduction Canada is the worlds second-largest country in terms of Trade. Economic and political relation between Canada and Europe started from 1950s. Europe and Canada have similar culture and comparable forms of government. Canada and Europe speaks similar languages (French and English) this is official and popular languages. Canadas relationship with Europe is an outcome of the historic link by Colonialism and bulk European immigrant to Canada. The history of Canadas relations with Europe is best accepted in series of economic contracts. In 1976 the European Economic Community (EEC) and Canada authorized a basic agreement on Economic Co-operation. In June 2007, the government of Canada have been forcing the European country to discuss Free Trade Agreement between this two countries. This idea was supported by more than 100 Canadian and European chief executive. In June 2009, European Trade commissioner and Canadian minister of international trade, announced to initiate the discussions for comprehensive economic and trade agreement. Business environment between Canada and Europe The Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) is a tax-free trade agreement between Canada and European Union. This agreement came into action in July 2016. CETA will help Canada to get global exposure in trade. The contract deducts the tariff barrier between Canada and European Union. This agreement is a liberal trade contract which covers virtually all aspect and sectors of Canada -EU trade in order to eradicate or avoid trade walls. The national parliaments of the EU Participant States would then also need to approve CETA for the areas which fall below their obligation to take effect. CETA is an innovative trade agreement between the EU and Canada. Itll make it easier to export goods and services, benefitting people and businesses in both the EU and Canada. The Canada and European Union accepted and signed CETA on 30 October 2016. The European Parliament and European Union national parliaments must accept CETA before it can take complete effect. Trade law between Canada and Europe The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is a free trade between Canada and the European Union. If the act is passed, this could enhance the overall trade of Canada and buildup a solid relation between European countries. Finally, the discussions were concluded in August 2014. Altogether 28 European Union member states approved the ultimate text CETA for signature, with Belgium being the final nation whose ministers accepted it. Justin Trudeau, Canadian prime minister moved to Brussels on 30 October 2016 to sign on behalf of Canada. It sanctioned by the European Parliament, most of the agreement will take effect on a provisional basis. The remaining parts of the agreement are subject to approval by national legislatures. The European Commission indicates the treaty will benefit the country to save of more than half of a billion euros in taxes for EU exporters every year, joint recognition in planned professions such as architects, accountants and engineers, and easier transfers of company staff and other professionals between the EU and Canada. This created more job opportunities for highly qualified professionals. The European Commission claims CETA will generate a more level in performance field between Canada the EU on intellectual property rights. Provisions Primarily, many of its provisions on copyright were in thought to be identical to the controversial ACTA, which was rejected by the European parliament in 2012. The European Commission has indicated that this is not the case. The main Portion of the Agreement is harsher enforcement of intellectual property, as well as liability for Internet Service Providers(ISP), a ban on technologies that can be used to circumvent copyright, and other provisions comparable to controversial ACTA, DMCA, PIPA, and SOPA, Copyright term extension. Under the Berne convention the term of copyright law in Canada is life of the author, in addition 50 years. The EU is demanding that Canada add an additional 20 years by making the term life plus 70 years. WIPO ratification. As per the WIPO internet treaties Canada must respect the rights and obligations. The EU only formally ratified those treaties [in the week of 16 December 2009]. Anti-circumvention provisions. According to the EU Canada must implement anti-circumvention provisions that contain a ban on the circulation of circumvention devices. There is no such requirement in the WIPO Internet treaties. Resale rights. As per the EU agreements Canada must implement a new resale right that would make available artists with a royalty based on any resales of their works. Making available or distribution rights. This shows EU is demanding that Canada implement a distribution or making available right to copyright owners. Strength and weakness of Europe and Canada Strength of Europe 1. Tax welcome trading among followersone of the foremost welfares that are existing to the member nations of the EU is that they are able to craft with additional affiliates at no extra tax policy. This supports to keep charges of properties and diet depressed in these nations. 2. Unlocks additional openingsProgram between all of the nations in the EU is entirely free and exposed for all peoples. This unlocks up many more career and edification chances for public. Specially ones who are in deprived nations. 3. Values is not missingThe EU has not ever had an official language and doesnt restrict with the cultural parts of any nation. This aids to certify that, while you are part of the union, you are also your personal nation. 4. A shared currencyAll of the fellow kingdoms of the EU have the identical type of exchange, the euro. This makes doing corporate, wandering or moving to further republics, and obtaining things much modest. It also makes a logic of harmony among the realms. Weak points of Europe 1. Communication fencesIt develops actual tough for the EU to communicate with all its peoples since they all speak unlike verbal. This also influence the sensitivity of unity among its followers. It makes it tougher to bring public organized. 2. Common wealth is not permanently decentGreat and rich nations that are followers of the European Union, like Germany, have to stake their capital with much smaller and inferior realms. This avoids any one country from too powerful, which is a depraved thing for kingdoms that have the capability to become world bests. 3. Departure is a trickyonce a nation agrees to join the EU, it is enormously tough for them to leave it. This makes several individuals troubled from linking, because if it destructively effects their nation, there is tiny that they can do about it. 4. Differentiates against possible associatesIn order to link the European Union, you must be a portion of Europe. Europes boundaries are mostly open-ended, which gives the EU the authority to pick and take who they would comparable to join the union. Strength of Canada 1. Entrepreneurial care: The Canadian administration cares entrepreneurship. With several avenues of tax discounts and tax breaks, Canadian entrepreneurs feel more self-assured (reporting less fear of letdown) in structure minor businesses or labeling themselves self-employed. 2. Niche market growing: Canada has seen a rush of income through exporting in niche markets, with the progress of Canadian diamonds, but largely within the ice wine industry. In 2014, ice wine made active 29% of their over-all export value. And the figures endure to raise. 3. Near to Americans: As the United States neighbor, Canada has got the backings of extensive employment surplus with America. This accounts for bumpily three-fourths of Canadian merchandise exports to each time. Weakness of Canada 1. The changing Canadian dollar: The Canadian dollar has been up and down (mostly down) which has gradually begun a rift through the kingdom. Unfortunately, thousands have vanished works while the dollar stays to incline. 2. Dependence on the US: While the nearness to America assists as a profit to Canada, the dependence can be a softness. A huge percentage of Canadian exports (over 74%) drive to America. During the US collapse, Canadian exports were wounded. So, if the US markets ache, Canada may also. Trade agreement between Canada and Europe The Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) is a tax-free trade agreement between Canada and European Union. This agreement came into action in July 2016. CETA will help Canada to get global exposure in trade. The contract deducts the tariff barrier between Canada and European Union. This agreement is a liberal trade contract which covers virtually all aspect and sectors of Canada -EU trade in order to eradicate or avoid trade walls. Critics oppose the treaty in light of the fact that it will debilitate European consumer rights, including those concerning sustenance security, and that tariffs are already very low. It has also been scrutinized as a boon only enormous business and multinational organizations while risking net-losses, unemployment, and environmental damage affecting individual residents. The deal also includes a controversial investor-state dispute settlement mechanism. The agreement has prompted protests in Europe and Canada. Import and export-Trade picture In 2015 Canada was the EUs 12th most important trading partner, accounting for 1.8% of the EUs total external trade. The EU was Canadas second most important trading partner, after the U.S., with around 9.5% of Canadas total external trade in goods in 2015. The value of bilateral trade in goods between the EU and Canada was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬63.5 billion in 2015. Machinery, chemicals and transport equipment dominate the EUs exports of goods to Canada. Pearls and precious metals, and mineral products dominate the imports of goods from Canada. Machinery and chemicals also constitute an important part of the EUs imports from Canada. European investors held investments worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬274.7 bn in Canada while Canadian direct investment stocks in the EU amounted to almost à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬166 bn in 2014. Key elements of the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Eliminating obligations this will happen rapidly with the greater part of them going when the assertion goes into compelling. Generally speaking, both sides will completely dispose of tariffs on over 99% of all tariff lines. Industrial taxes these will be completely changed sparing EU exporters a normal around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬500 million (practically C$ 700 million) in obligations a year. As such, EU exporters will be relieved of the expenses of paying levies when offering selling goods on the Canadian market. Agricultural levies Canada is an exceptionally important fare showcase for EU rural and prepared agrarian items, with yearly offers of over à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2.9 billion. The agreement will rapidly largely at entry into force dispose of obligations on farming. Before the finish of the transitional periods, Canada and the EU will change, separately, 92.8 % and 93.5 % of exchange lines in horticulture. Fisheries most obligations will be wiped out at entry into force. Other than duties, the fish bundle additionally incorporates different components important to EU firms, for example, better access to Canadian fish for the EU preparing industry. Reasonable fisheries will be created in parallel, specifically with respect to checking, control and reconnaissance measures, and the battle against illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing. DISPUTES BETWEEN CANADA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRY THAT HAS BEEN TAKEN TO WTO On 13 May 2003, Canada asked for conferences with the European people group concerning certain measures taken by the EC and its part States influencing imports of farming and nourishment imports from Canada. With respect to group level measures, Canada stated that the ban connected by the EC since October 1998 on the endorsement of biotech items has limited imports of horticultural and nourishment items from Canada. With respect to State-level measures, Canada attested that various EC part States keep up national advertising and import bans on biotech items despite the fact that those items have as of now been affirmed by the European people group for import and showcasing in the European people group. As per Canada, the measures at issue gave off an impression of being conflicting with the ECs commitments under: Articles 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 5.5, 5.6, 7 and 8, and Additions B and C of the SPS Assentation; Articles 2.1, 2.2, 2.8, 5.1 and 5.2 of the TBT Understanding; Articles I:1, III:4, X:1 and XI:1 of the GATT 1994; and Article 4.2 of the Farming Understanding. Canada likewise considered that the measures at issue invalidate or impede benefits gathering to Canada in the feeling of Article XXIII: 1(b) of the GATT 1994. Australia, Argentina, Brazil, India, Mexico, New Zealand and the Assembled States asked for to join the conferences. The EC educated the DSB that they had acknowledged the solicitations of Australia, Argentina, Brazil, India, Mexico, New Zealand and the Assembled States to join the counsels. On 7 August 2003, Canada asked for the foundation of a board. At its meeting on 18 August 2003, the DSB conceded the foundation of a board. Opportunity for Canada to explore business in European country Europe has an infrastructure opportunities for Canadian companies. There will be Tariff Exclusion for Trade in Goods. Under CETA 98% of Europe tariff lines will become duty free for Canadian-origin things. In coming seven years there are plans to reduce and eliminate Tariffs of Canadian things which is export to Europe. For future prospects Europe will eliminate tariffs in Agriculture sector, Metal product, Seafood, Oil and gas sector. This new trade deal should be significant for future. But now it depends on Canadian companies on how they familiarize and respond to European opportunities. If they adapt this term confidently, it is good for Canadian economy growth. COMPETITION AND THREATS FOR CANADA FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CANADA VS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Among the nations, Canada positions second (behind just Mexico) in each of the four segments analyzed computerized administrations, Research and development administrations, corporate administrations and assembling. Among these areas, Canada shows its most grounded outcomes in Research and development administrations, due to some extent to the government and commonplace Research and development impose credits accessible. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The high esteem US dollar ended up being a key figure the rankings for some nations. Canadas cost favorable position in respect to third-put Netherlands just changed barely, while Canadas cost preference over Australia declined due (to a limited extent) to the estimation of the Australian dollar declining by much more than the Canadian dollar with respect to the US cash. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢From an expense point of view, the UK, Canada and the Netherlands offer the least compelling rates of corporate salary assess over a scope of business areas, all aided by duty motivating forces intended to bolster Research and development and additionally other cutting edge exercises. THREATS 1. Tariffs The Exhaustive Financial Exchange Understanding amongst Canada and the EU, or CETA for short, was not proposed to only tinker with levies on imported products. From the beginning, the objective was a decrease in levies to zero and the opening up of new markets. Understanding has been come to on a considerable rundown of merchandise. Harper government pastors were out a week ago spotlighting a couple of these, including moderately low-esteem however interestingly Canadian things like maple syrup, kayaks and Tilley caps. A few areas are balanced for a more considerable score under CETA, and the legislature is planning to advertise the arrangements potential in view of territorial interests: 2. Cultivate wares achievement? The playing field amongst Canadian and European agriculturists is famously hard to level: European nations finance their residential homestead ventures to a degree not seen (and not moderate) in Canada. Truth be told, Canadas supply-administration framework for dairy, eggs and poultry, which will stay under this assention, is intended to maintain a strategic distance from government sponsorships by controlling the costs purchasers pay to guarantee stable returns for agriculturists. 3. Licensed innovation (copyright) Few issues have seen as energetic a verbal confrontation among common society gathers on both sides of the Atlantic as this. European requests for augmented licenses on physician endorsed drugs stay one of Canadas most troublesome choices, as medication expenses for areas and regions could bounce altogether. Be that as it may, other hot parts of the copyright face off regarding have cooled off. The entry prior this time of Canadas Copyright Demonstration changes, C-11, facilitated European requests to convey Canadian benchmarks up to scratch. 4. Government acquisition European access to expansive contracts at all levels of government in Canada has been a key EU request. Be that as it may, Canadian moderators had their very own particular request: A negative rundown approach, permitting regions and domains to draw up a rundown of craved exclusions. Dealing with the points of interest spent a great deal of arranging capital on both sides, however the final product is a rundown of exceptions like the one set up for the Purchase American concurrence with the U.S. SOURCE: http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/5-key-issues-in-the-canada-eu-trade-deal-1.1154782 https://home.kpmg.com/ca/en/home/media/press-releases/2016/03/canada-keep-stop-spot-as-cost-competitive-mature-market.html https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds292_e.htm https://home.kpmg.com/ca/en/home/media/press-releases/2016/03/canada-keep-stop-spot-as-cost-competitive-mature-market.html http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/5-key-issues-in-the-canada-eu-trade-deal-1.1154782